Search results for "The Hallmarks of Cancer"
showing 6 items of 6 documents
DrugTargetInspector: An assistance tool for patient treatment stratification
2016
Cancer is a large class of diseases that are characterized by a common set of features, known as the Hallmarks of cancer. One of these hallmarks is the acquisition of genome instability and mutations. This, combined with high proliferation rates and failure of repair mechanisms, leads to clonal evolution as well as a high genotypic and phenotypic diversity within the tumor. As a consequence, treatment and therapy of malignant tumors is still a grand challenge. Moreover, under selective pressure, e.g., caused by chemotherapy, resistant subpopulations can emerge that then may lead to relapse. In order to minimize the risk of developing multidrug-resistant tumor cell populations, optimal (comb…
Identification of responders to immune checkpoint therapy: which biomarkers have the highest value?
2019
Evasion of immune recognition by the innate and acquired immune system is a major principle of tumour cells and belongs to the hallmarks of cancer. Immune checkpoint inhibitor-based cancer therapies targeting the co-inhibitory receptors CTLA-4 or PD-1 have received enormous scientific and clinical attention during the last few years, because of promising clinical results observed in the treatment of different cancer entities including melanoma and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. However, the enthusiasm about the effects of the immune checkpoint inhibitors is muted as only a subfraction of patients shows a stable clinical response. To predefine the patient cohorts that may benefit from im…
p53 as the main traffic controller of the cell signaling network
2010
Among different pathological conditions that affect human beings, cancer has received a great deal of attention primarily because it leads to significant morbidity and mortality. This is essentially due to increasing world-wide incidence of this disease and the inability to discover the cause and molecular mechanisms by which normal human cells acquire the characteristics that define cancer cells. Since the discovery of p53 over a quarter of a century ago, it is now recognized that virtually all cell fate pathways of live cells and the decision to die are under the control of p53. Such extensive involvement indicates that p53 protein is acting as a major traffic controller in the cell signa…
Abstract CT022: IVAC® MUTANOME - A first-in-human phase I clinical trial targeting individual mutant neoantigens for the treatment of melanoma
2016
Abstract One of the hallmarks of cancer is the inherent instability of the genome leading to multiple genomic alterations and epigenetic changes that ultimately drive carcinogenesis. These processes lead to a unique molecular profile of every given tumor and to substantial intratumoral heterogeneity of cancer tissues. Recently, a series of independent reports revealed that pre-formed neoantigen specific T-cell responses are of crucial relevance for the clinical efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, spontaneous immune recognition of neoantigens seems to be a rare event with only less than 1% of mutations inducing a T-cell response in the tumor-bearing patient. Accordingly, only …
Gastrointestinal tumors: Phytochemical and drug combinations targeting the hallmarks of cancer
2021
Cancer is a worldwide burden resulting in millions of deaths each year. In particular, gastrointestinal tumors are life-threatening malignancies and one of the leading reasons for death in developed countries. Phytochemicals can be found in grains, vegetables, fruits and several foods. Many phytochemicals, such as curcumin, genistein, luteolin, vitexin-2-O-xyloside, avenanthramides, quercetin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), resveratrol, sulforaphane, piperine and thymoquinone have been used in combination with different chemotherapeutic agents for their synergistic anticancer effects against various forms of cancer. In this review, we describe the antitumor properties and biological eff…
Extracellular Vesicles and Tumor-Immune Escape: Biological Functions and Clinical Perspectives
2020
The modulation of the immune system is one of the hallmarks of cancer. It is now widely described that cancer cells are able to evade the immune response and thus establish immune tolerance. The exploration of the mechanisms underlying this ability of cancer cells has always attracted the scientific community and is the basis for the development of new promising cancer therapies. Recent evidence has highlighted how extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent a mechanism by which cancer cells promote immune escape by inducing phenotypic changes on different immune cell populations. In this review, we will discuss the recent findings on the role of tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (TEVs) in re…